Women s Gender And Social Media Essay - 984 Words

For many years women have fought against their stereotypes and strived for equality. Today, even though women have endlessly attempted to overcome these stereotypes, women have been misrepresented by society and social media. As seen by society, women are housewives and stay at home. In reality, women strive to achieve goals outside the stereotypical feminine boundaries. Although, women are categorized by their gender roles in society, it is wrong for women to be portrayed as these roles only. Most women do not realize that they deal with stereotypes everyday. For example, when women are supposedly assumed to have a healthy meal instead of an unhealthy one. Or when women are assumed that they go shopping to relieve stress, when in fact it has nothing to do with that. Stereotypes like these are easy to make when there is a clearly visible characteristic that can easily be recognized. Women have been criticized and wrongly judged by society and social media, and none of the stereotypes have really changed at all. Today, social media and society have created, reflected, and enforced attitudes in society that have essentially misrepresented women. For example, how television advertisements sell their products based off gender. Women showed a greater correlation with body, personal care, and household products while men had television advertisements related to cars, electronics, and technology. Even the recent advertisement of the Bic Pens specifically for women has enforced theShow MoreRelatedGender, Gender And Gender Roles844 Words   |  4 PagesSociety has institutionalized gender roles since the beginning of time, a common one is that women are the nurturers and housekeepers, while men are the breadwinners of household. In spite of centuries, and fighting for women s rights, such as the right to vote in the late 1920s. Women still have roles to fulfill, even in a modern society that is dominated by a virtual world. Gender identification has multiplied from that of men and women, to Lesbian , Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ)Read MoreThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On The Feminism Movement Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pages Media Research Literature Review The rise of Social Media and its impact on the Feminism Movement Abstract: The new media Internet, social media platforms, has been an increasingly popular tool for feminists to promote the feminism movement. With the broad reach of the internet and social media, this has led to a wider awareness of the feminist movement. The broad reach of the internet and social media however has also open the female gender to various levels of objectificationRead MoreMass Media And Gender In The 1950s752 Words   |  4 PagesMass media has influenced gender norms in the United States since the 1950’s when television became a household phenomenon. Per Jacqueline Coombs in an article titled Gender Differences in the Influence of Television on Gender Ideology, she asserts, â€Å"television is a powerful source in disseminating information and shaping opinion, exposing people from many different social settings to the same messages† (207). These messages can influence gender norms and reinforce personal gender identity. ThroughoutRead MoreGender Identity Has C hanged Its Definition Over Time1578 Words   |  7 PagesEnclish 1C ​Gender identity has changed its definition over time. The psychological definition as stated from the social learning theory is that gender identity is the sense of being male or female. Seems simple but we now know in todays world the definition has broadened. Gender identity is now defined as one s personal experience of one s own gender. Gender identity can correlate with assigned sex at birth, or can differ from it completely. All societies have a set of gender categories thatRead MoreGender And The Media By Rosalind Gill1596 Words   |  7 Pages Book Review of Gender and the Media by Rosalind Gill Gender and the Media by Rosalind Gill addresses gender stereotypes that are brought onto women and men through the media resulting in objectification and subjectification. Gill discusses how the representation of gender is altered as a result of the media in Western societies. Gender and the Media is aimed to address the rapid transmission of media and how those changes affect the construction of feminine and masculine gender roles in societyRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Body Image1538 Words   |  7 Pageswith the development of modern social media, it has grown up to be an important element in affecting the perception of body image to shape the body image. The influence of mass media may be related to the social comparison process of appearance in female and male. The ideal media body image, it is easy to compare in everyday life, and that will result to dissatisfaction with people s body size. On the one hand, Orbach (1987) briefly posted that the western media produced a pict ure tender the idealRead MoreMasculinity, Masculinity And Violence1728 Words   |  7 Pages Within many gender systems, masculinity is an expression of male gender that can vary based upon culture and society. Many cultures uphold a set of standards and expectations that an individual must maintain in order to be considered masculine. Several of these expectations can often be dangerous, violent, or even abusive. In particular with a focus on the two-sex, two-gender system of Western, patriarchal society, this paper will investigate the correlation between enforced masculinity and violenceRead MoreGender Roles And The Media867 Words   |  4 Pagescentury, we see women in the media have many roles that men have, such as, police officer, doctor and running to become president, while a nurse and teacher have emerged as both men and women jobs. Over time, the media show how gender role had changed but are what the media is showing the truth about the gender roles in the United Stat es. Historian and scholar had written about this subject of gender roles and how the media affect our view. Thesis statement Reality vs. Fiction Is the media giving theRead More Judith Lorbers The Social Construction of Gender Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesideals about our contemporary conceptions of gender in her essay, ?The Social Construction of Gender.? Not only does she clearly express her opinions on the roles of physiological differences of the male and female bodies, but she also elaborates on the roles of the mass media and professional sports among other things. It rapidly becomes clear that there are many legitimate arguments that support this movement for near or complete equality in genders and the roles that they perform. ClearlyRead MoreObjectification Of Women And Women1462 Words   |  6 PagesObjectification of women works with benevolent sexism to further oppress women in the media through its effects on self-esteem and well-being. Rollero’s (2013) article â€Å"Men and women facing objectification: The effects of media models on well-being, self-esteem and ambivalent sexism† examines media representations of men and women and how they are related to levels of sexism and psychological well-being. The literature on objectification has mostly indicated the connection between viewing objectified media representations

Essay on The Negative Effects of Mass Immigration

The Negative Effects of Mass Immigration For decades immigrants to America were sure of two things. They came for the opportunity to build a better life for their families and they would not seek nor would they accept a handout. The drive and attitude of immigrants who came to America during the nineteen twenties through the nineteen sixties built strong work ethics that created our now famous American melting pot. But for the past thirty years a runaway welfare state has poisoned our good intentions. Well meaning but misguided entitlement programs gave billions of dollars in free handouts to a deluge of new immigrants as the floodgates opened and annual immigration levels more than tripled. The effects of this mass migration†¦show more content†¦There are even foreign language books available in other countries mocking our welfare system and advertising schemes that explain how to bring over elderly parents and others and have them supported by our taxpayers. One Chinese publication sold in Taiwan and Hong K ong includes a thirty six page pull out guide on how to qualify for supplemental security income an do ther benefits. It works like this first immigrants import their relatives to America under our loose immigration laws. Second these elderly aliens immediately become eligible to collect supplemental security income and live with their working children. Non working and non tax paying family members collect welfare benefits while living under the same roof as the rest of their family who are often employed with good incomes. The average family income of immigrants who collect supplemental security income is over forty thousand dollars a year. A full twenty five percent of them have a family income of over sixty four thousand a year. The number of immigrants collecting supplemental security income skyrocketed from one hundred twenty seven thousand and nine hundred in nineteen eithty-two to almost seven hundred thirty eight thousand in nineteen innety four. This is a whopping fiv e hundred eighty percent increase in just twelve years. The general accounting office has testified that the supplemental security incomeShow MoreRelatedThe And The Guardian Contains Snippets Of Information On The United States1042 Words   |  5 Pagespresented in The Times and The Guardian contains snippets of information on the positives and negatives of the plan while maintaining relative neutrality on the topic. On the counter, the Alex article immediately attacks the plan as well as European Union countries. When looking at the individual coverage of the issues and conflicts with the flow of immigration to Europe it is obvious that The Times and The Guardian utilize â€Å"false balancing† by stating broad facts and using one direct quote sourceRead MoreThe Immigration Act Of 19241399 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, immigration has remained a complex and influential piece of presidential policy—from the Age of Mass Migration, which led to the Immigration Act of 1924, to present day policy, which may result in the construction of a border wall. The debate on immigration remains contentious, inspiring emotional and empirical arguments by politicians and the public alike. Many of these aspects are discussed and defined within Abramitzky, Boustan, and Eriksson’s paper â€Å"A Nation of Immigrants:Read MoreEvaluation of Effeciveness694 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effectiveness of Immigration Threatens American Culture The essay Immigration Threatens American Culture is written by Lawrence Auster In this essay, the author will evaluate the effectiveness of Auster’s paper in terms of its claims, evidence, and the presentation of the claims and evidence. The author’s main claim is that post-1965 immigration is threatening the American Culture. It is clearly stated fairy early in this essay because the author makes a clear introductionRead MoreFirstly, Haidt Consider ‘Care’ As Moral Foundation. It1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfew thousand people qualify to migration in Canada each year because the policies are shaped in such a way that only skilled and elite people would qualify for it. As they are the one who mostly contribute to the economy. Thus, it suggests that immigration in Canada was and always be an economic and political decision. Besides authority, reflects from position. States do follow the key principles of it for which there are always certain standard requirements of migration. Sometimes the standard variesRead MoreImmigration Is A Better Functioning Country1471 Words   |  6 PagesIf Immigration does anything for America, it is benefit our economy and everyday jobs and life. â€Å"In the years 1981-2013 the work force grew 43% just from immigration† (Bier). If that fact does not speak for itself, then it is saying that the â€Å"work force starting in 1981 was over 40% larger just because of the amount of immigrant workers, and non workers, that have come to the US. That alone is just one of the most economically changing effects of immigration. About 18% more of the immigrant populationRead MoreIllegal Immigration : The United States1691 Words   |  7 PagesWhile illegal immigration remains a serious problem in the United States, other countries around the world are also being affected. According to the source of Albert R. Hunt â€Å"Facing the Facts on Illegal Immigration.†, he said that â€Å"The United States has been since long time the world ´s leader in the reception and integration of immigrants.† Americans are deeply divided in their views on the impact of immigration in the country, and anger about illegal immigration colors public attitudes towards allRead MoreThird, Terrorism Damaged The Concept Of The Land Of Opportunity.1264 Words   |  6 Pagesof opportunity. The terrorism factor has changed the American approach to immigration as much as the immigrants approach to America. For the Americans, immigration has become a threat to the United States rather than an opportunity and an advantage. Normally, differing moral values and differences in cultural, socio-racial, economic, and political ideology each contribute to the differences between Americans aver immigration . But the 911 syndrome transformed opinions in a different direction. ForRead MoreImmigration : The Case For Limits1498 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration has become both a controversial and widely debatable topic in contemporary governmental affairs. Within David Miller’s Immigration: The Case for Limits, we are faced with many trivial ideas on what constitutes the opportunity for people to legally immigrate to where they please, how m atters are dealt with in the case of refugees, and to what level we hold everyone’s right to make a living. As I was investing myself in Miller’s book excerpt, I became aware of several debatable and agreeableRead MoreWhat Do Undocumented Immigrants Really Hurt Our Economy?1745 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Do Undocumented Immigrants Actually Do To The Economy? As of recently, immigration has come to the forefront of political issues in the United States. There are two main sectors of immigration that our government highlights as problem areas: undocumented immigration and immigration from the Middle East. The number one issue brought up when discussing undocumented immigration is its effect on the economy. There is a plethora of rhetoric that we hear and see in our society telling us that immigrantsRead MoreDoes Immigration Have Positive Or Negative Effects On Recipient Nation States?1523 Words   |  7 PagesDoes immigration have positive or negative effects on recipient nation states? Immigration is defined as the migration of a group of individuals from their home country to another country in search of social, economic and political sustainability (Flores Loss, 2010). Kim and Koo (2016) report that the number of immigrants is rapidly increasing in Korea, the population of immigration rise from approximately 1.5 million in 2013 to more than 7 million as of 2014, which is equivalent to almost 14 percent

How useful are urban models to the modern geographer and urban planners Free Essays

An urban model is a simplification of a real city. They are used to help us understand more about real cities by showing patterns or processes which in real life may be complex and difficult to identify. They are applicable to a large number of cities rather than one particular city. We will write a custom essay sample on How useful are urban models to the modern geographer and urban planners? or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are based on the idea that there are similarities between cities. Geographers use these models to try and identify and explain urban spatial patterns and variations in their structure. Where as urban planners use the models to deal with real life situations such as deciding where to place a new motorway or deciding where to build a new business park. The first urban model to be produced was by Burgess in 1924 he attempted to explain the outward expansion of the city (Chicago) and the socioeconomic groupings of it inhabitants. He did this by splitting the city into five concentric zones: the central business district, transition zone, low class housing, medium class housing and high class housing. He devised these zones by the theory that individual compete with each other for the most favourable locations within the city. This competition was founded on the market for buildings and land: those who can afford the highest prices will get the best and most favourable land. This model could be useful to modern geographers as it could be used as a good starting point to look at the spatial variations of sections/zones within a town. It could also help to explain why people live where they do and why they live in certain groups. This model could be useful to modern urban planners as it could be used to describe the existing patterns of land use or city morphology and be compared to that of the modern morphology of a city in deciding where to place a certain building etc. due to the density of inhabitants in a certain area. It could also be used to measure land values and density within a city. Hoyt was the second producer of an urban model in 1939. He adapted on the same implicit assumptions that burgess had made but with adaptations. Hoyt’s model was based on the mapping of eight housing variables for 142 cities in the USA. He tried to account for changes in, and the distribution of residential patterns. He had the addition of three new factors on the burgess model. He suggested that areas of the highest rent tended to be alongside main lines of communication and that the city grew in a series of wedges. He also said that once an area had developed a land use that it would remain that use as the city extended outwards. This model could be useful to modern geographers as it is a better adaptation of the burgess model. Meaning that extra factors have been taken into consideration such as the wealth and similar land uses. This could be more helpful as it makes more judgements on where and why variations will happen. Such as wealthy people can afford the highest rates so will have the best position and afford to buy cars so will live further from he Central business district. This model could be useful to modern urban planners as it is a better adaptation of the burgees model with extra factors taken into consideration. This could be helpful to a planner as it talks about land value and how similar land uses attract other similar land uses. This is helpful as a planner can locate where certain industries are and where to situate them. Also to know where the wealthy people are will help to know what services and transport routes are best targeted towards them Mann was the third producer of an urban model in 1965. He tried to adapt the Burgess and Hoyt models to three industrial towns in northern England. He made a compromise model that combined ideas of burgess concentric zone model with that of Hoyt’s sectors model. He assumed that because of prevailing winds in northern Britain blow from the west, that the high class housing would be in the west and industry with its smoke, would be locate to the east of the central business district. This model could be useful to modern geographers as it combines the two theories of Hoyt and burgees resulting in a more complex and relevant model. It could be useful to see if industry does affect the position and distance of certain types of economic wealth. This model could be useful to modern urban planners as it combines the theories of Hoyt and burgees producing a more complex and applicable model. It could be useful in the location of industry and the construction of houses for different socio economic inhabitants. Ullman and Harris were the fourth producers of an urban model in 1945. They set out to produce a realistic model compared to those of Burgess and Hoyt but consequently they ended up with one that was more complex and this meant that the model was more descriptive then predictive. They said that a multiple nuclei needed to be developed as a response to the need for maximum accessibility to a centre, to keep certain types of land use apart and to show differences of land values, This model could be useful to modern geographers as it is more realistic to the modern world with its complexity. It could be useful to see if a town/city does actually follow the model with several nuclei. It also help to explain the inhabitants that commute to the central business district and see if they add to its density and population. This model could be useful to modern urban planners as it could help to locate bus routes and roads that were needed for the commuters and people who travel to work from the multiple nuclei. It could also help in the planning and placing of new houses for the people leaving the city to commute to work. In conclusion I think that urban models are very useful to modern geographers and planner’s .I think that models are a good starting point for analysing the morphology of modern cities. These models were produced in the past so it is obvious that changes will have taken place such as technology, fashions and transport. This does not mean that the models cannot be of use. The principles can still remain with a little adaptation to the real modern world. How to cite How useful are urban models to the modern geographer and urban planners?, Papers

Lil#39 Wayne free essay sample

One of my favorite and well-known artists is Lil Wayne. Lil Waynes real name is Dwayne Carter; his birthday is September 27, 1982. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA and his occupation is a musician. His sign is a Libra and when he was 16 he recorded his 1st single. Also at the age of 23, in 2005 Lil Wayne went onto becoming the president of the cash money label. In my opinion I think Lil Wayne is generous because after the hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in 2005, he raised money for the victims whose lives were ruined by the disaster. Lil Wayne is a very nimble dancer because when he raps he moves around. He also ha black dreadlocks and he mostly wears red and also mostly wears skinny jeans. Also, he has a lot of tattoos on both arms. He also has scar on his face but I think he was he was born with it because he had those scars ever since he was a baby. We will write a custom essay sample on Lil#39 Wayne or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I heard he had made an album called â€Å"tha carter, vol. 3.† I think he has the songs â€Å"Mr. Carter† and maybe â€Å"A milli† In his video â€Å"A milli† birdman gave him (Lil Wayne) a car and I think Lil Wayne said â€Å"thanks, dad† But , my all time favorite video of his is â€Å"A milli† because Lil Wayne is very full of energy. Also, in Lil Waynes songs he kind of has an accent that makes him sound Jamaican. In all I think Lil Wayne is very good rapper. I would recommend Lil Wayne songs to people who like rap and a little bit of hip hop. The music Lil Wayne creates kind of reminds me of Kanye West because they are both very active and they dedicate some of their emotions to their songs. But, they kind of change it up a bit so you can guess what they are feeling; its like a game show. But you should buy one of his albums and listen to it and see what you like about it.

The Evolution Of The World Essays (535 words) - Pseudoscience

The evolution of the world The Greek geographers of the later Roman period developed systematic calculations for the mapping and shaping of the earth. However, what would come to replace these systematic calculations? Why were the ideologies of a flat earth accepted and why were those of a spherical earth ridiculed? The answer to this question is very simple and can be answered by one clear and concise word: Religion. "Thus saith the Lord God; This is Jerusalem: I have set it in the midst of the nations and countries that are round about her." (Ezekiel 5:5) This verse from the of book Ezekiel simply states that the city of Jerusalem should be in the center of all maps created. This eliminated the need for any latitude or longitude. Before hand, there had been more than six hundred maps created, not one having this holy city as the center. There was nothing new about putting "the most sacred place at the center" says Boorstin. The Hindus placed Mount Meru, a mythological 70,000 foot high mountain at the center of their map. In the Muslim faith, the Ka'bah in Mecca was the highest point on earth and the polestar showed the city of Mecca to be opposite the center of the sky. As one can clearly see, many maps, had different centers. Each map had a different center, each based on a different religion. Many years before the birth of Jesus Christ, the Greeks theorized that the earth was a globe. But after that, there was a period in history called "The Great Interruption." This period was categorized by a complete silence where people in general, forgot about the issue of whether the earth was flat or whether it was a globe. Another reason that brought the theories of a globular world to rest was because the priests told the general public that the earth was flat. Priests such as St. Augustine and others invented the Antipode theory, which stated that a world shaped like a globe is impossible because objects would be hanging downwards and growing backwards. Once again, religion played a major part in this argument that would rage on for many years to come. To conclude, much like the theories of the priests in the first 400 years after the birth of Jesus Christ, who said that Jerusalem was the center of a flat earth, one might be able to relate this period in time to a much more recent and modern one. Prior to the French Revolution in 1789, France was ruled by an absolute divine right monarchy. The institution that had the most power at the time was the Catholic church. No one in France would ever dare question the word of the Church. Everything the Church said had to be true and that was that. This is further reinforced by the church's persecution of Copernicus who later again theorized that the earth was not the center of the solar system. This illustrates that 1000 years later, religion remained the backbone of society, and to a lesser extent, the same still holds true today in certain societies.

Who benefits from Globalization

Who benefits from Globalization There are various arguments regarding beneficiaries of globalization. Are they the citizens of the poor or rich nations who benefit from globalization? In theory, globalization should benefit citizens of both poor and rich nations (Fischer, 2009). However, this is not the case. Instead, poor nations benefit from globalization at the expense of their rich counterparts (SinghaRoy, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Who benefits from Globalization? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More We may argue that developments and expansions of globe trades have positioned rich nations against their emerging counterparts. This has resulted from the working class or middle class in rich nations, who are responsible for economic developments, work hard in order to change or raise living standards of people in poor nations. When Britain was the superpower many centuries ago, it traded with the poor USA. Consequently, they established long-term relationships and interests. The trade raised living standards of the US citizens and its economy. As a result, the US became the superpower. This is the same way globalization should benefit emerging economies like China where most people are poor. However, some critics argue that globalization is not beneficial to poor countries because average wages in such countries continue to deteriorate (Rodrik, 2002). However, this claim is not true. The reason is that export of jobs and investment opportunities to poor nations offer opportunities for labor employment. As a result, globalization reduces widespread rates of unemployment in such countries and increases wages and average incomes of such citizens. A closer look at India shows this analogy (Ganguly-Scraseis and Scraseis, 2009). Today, India has more engineers than America. Most of these engineers do not have jobs to match their education levels. Consequently, they resort to odd jobs. However, globalization has changed t his situation in India. The main reason is that developed nations can outsource their jobs to engineers in India by using Internet technologies and software. This implies that citizens of rich nations must compete among themselves and with citizens in emerging economies such as Japan, China, Philippines, and India, where employers outsource these jobs (Steger, 2009).  Based on the shift of jobs from rich nations to poor countries, globalization has created issues of ethical dilemmas for employers who export jobs to poor nations. Ethical issues arise in many ways. First, such employers leave citizens of developed countries without jobs. Second, they aim to exploit abundant and cheap labor in poor countries. Some people from rich nations believe that they also generate higher-skilled jobs, which are more important to their economies than labor-intensive jobs they export to poor countries. Therefore, employers must face issues of exploitation of cheap labor in poor countries and expo rtation of jobs, which local citizens should do.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this respect, rich nations must realize that they are not beneficiaries of globalization. Therefore, rich nations must invest in creativity and talents in order to drive their economies. The explanation is that poor citizens are taking current jobs in rich countries. Therefore, rich countries must invent new jobs. Globalization has created competition across the globe at the expense of citizens in rich nations. As a result, rich nations must improve their skills in order to remain competitive. It seems that the ultimate beneficiary of globalization is humankind. However, globalization has introduced many challenges to citizens in rich nations in terms of loss of income opportunities. Therefore, the ultimate losers are citizens in rich countries. Only citizens from rich nations, who have advanced skills and talents, shall remain relevant in globalized economies. References Fischer, T. (2009). What is wrong with globalization. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. Ganguly-Scraseis, R., and Scraseis, T. (2009). Globalisation and the Middle Classes in India: The Social and Cultural Impact of Neoliberal Reforms. London: Routledge. Rodrik, D. (2002). Globalization for Whom? Harvard Magazine, 104(6), 1-3. SinghaRoy, D. (2001). Social development and the empowerment of marginalised groups: perspectives and strategies. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Steger, M. (2009). Globalization: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Who benefits from Globalization? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Compliance and Financial Regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Compliance and Financial Regulation - Essay Example Whilst being not able to set out required decision taking details the Government’s strategy for administrative reconstruction it probably added some more twists to the pre said regulatory base which was explained inside Chancellor’s Mansion House lecture on June 16, 2010. Unavoidably the proposals from the Government need to dissolve the FSA and replace it with: (Norton Rose pp.2-3) †¢ Brand new macro-prudential controller, the FPC, made inside BoE. †¢ A new economical policy, known as PRA, created as a helpful of BoE. †¢ One fresh conduct of trade regulator, regionally named as Consumer Protection as well as Markets Authority (CP MA). The intrinsic rearrangement on April 4 is the opening move although the FSA clarified that at a point like this it will be stagnant and immobile to â€Å"twin peaks† administration. Instead of that little initiative moves in eventual manner prepare it till 2012 approach towards twin peak. The FPC’s suggested s tatutory target is summarized here. ... Summary of proposals for the Bank’s and FPC’s objectives The target of FPC is structured to connect to the Bank of England aims subsequently: †¢ The FPC has to be exercising its works with a motive to helping to the goals by the Bank of England of the economical Stability Objective. †¢ Liabilities of the FPC related to the getting the goals related fundamentally to the recognition, monitoring, and action taking to amputate or decrease, schematic risk factors with a motive to guard and enhance the flexibility of the United Kingdom economical system. †¢ These schematic risks include, particularly – systemic risk factors attributable to conformational features of commercial markets or may be to the administration of risk in the financial zones and destabilizing levels of influence, debt or capital outlay increment. †¢ It does not need or authorizes the FPC in exercising its works in a process that would be in its say similar of having a distincti ve adverse impact on the capability of the economical sector to help in the development of the United Kingdom finance in the long run. †¢ â€Å"Systemic risk† speaks of a risk factor to the balance of the United Kingdom economical regulation as a total or maybe to an important part of the system. (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Treasury Committee, House of Commons Treasury Committee (COR) pp. 10-13) PRA’s objectives Conference of the Government in July, it was adduced that the FCA along with PRA should function to their individual strategic and functional targets. The PRA would be having a strategic target concentrating on financial balance, with a regulatory objective that emphasizes the promotional part of PRA for soundness of the firms in a mode that never rules out the chance of firm

SCHOLARLY VS POP MEDIA FOCUS ON SEXUALITY PAPER Assignment

SCHOLARLY VS POP MEDIA FOCUS ON SEXUALITY PAPER - Assignment Example Scholarly article on sexuality Goicolea, I., Torres, M., Edin, K. & Ohman, A. (2012). When Sex is Hardly About Mutual Pleasure: Dominant and Resistant Discourses on Sexuality and its Consequences for Young People's Sexual Health. International Journal of Sexual Health, 24(4): 303-317. The scholarly article visualizes sexuality as a gendered discourse. The authors indicate that the fact that sexuality takes a gendered perspective, both the men and women are affected differently in the long run (Goicolea et al., 2012). The study involved an inclusion of various groups in the society such young women, service providers, common and activist young men in Ecuador (Goicolea et al., 2012). These groups had varying responses touching on their sexuality especially in terms of satisfaction after the act. The authors used interviews to collect information as well as focus group discussions with the members involved (Goicolea et al., 2012). After collecting the relevant information, women argued that they were out to remain respectable individuals; the service providers were keen to assess the women’s sexuality, while the women felt threatened and less protected from the men (Goicolea et al., 2012). ... Women therefore develop a negative conception not only about sex, but also sexuality in general. The study allowed the researcher come up with conclusions between the independent and dependent variables. The researcher also used correlation research to examine the relationship between variables to explain their sexual relationship to the research participants to test the hypothesis. Additionally, the researcher attempted to provide in-depth information concerning the relationship between the variables. This was mainly used to reduce biasness in research conducted, and to enable generalization of the findings. Human sexuality can then be described as one that is multi-dimensional, and its understanding entails deliberating on different perspectives and ideas concerning sexuality. Popular media articles on human sexuality –a magazine Narins, E. (2013, September). The First Thing a Guy Notices About You. Women’s Health Magazine 1. Retrieved September 29, 2013. Sexuality in popular media is presented in different forms like the magazines, videos, films, and internet web sites. Mass media exposes children and adolescences to sexuality, which makes them likely to be exposed to sexuality. The magazine by Narins (2013) targets the women group in the society. The author is keen to quote that the women need to do a lot to get a man’s attention at first glance. With the use of a portrait, the magazine is quick to advise the women to keep their skin clear, have a nice smile, do their hair properly as well as check their weight (Narins, 2013). Additionally, the breasts of a woman matter, their height, sense of style, their butt and legs (Narins, 2013). This ensures that the women

American Indian culture studies research paper Essay

American Indian culture studies research paper - Essay Example The Native Americans way of life and culture is very much adored by most people around the world. Everyone is eager to understand the culture and the nature of people who initially occupied the most powerful country in the world. The Indians greatly influenced the shape and environment of the current America in several ways because they lived and carried out their human activities on the land particularly their habit of shifting seasonal subsistence that was conforming to the changing seasons. Everyone particularly is concerned about the decline of the culture of the American natives. These people clearly shows the evidence of North American life such as the discovery of a hunting lookout in Northern Alaska and the various finely crafted spear points found near Clovis, New Mexico. All these discoveries show the culture and the lifestyle of the first Americans who also believed to be more hospitable and had strong belief in sharing (Teicher 2006, 14). It is unfortunate that some of these traits have been overridden by the contemporary culture. The decline of the Native Americans culture has largely been contributed by assimilation, exploitation and the change of purpose as well as the rich number of alternatives that are assumed to be modern by the contemporary society. Luckily, there are various institutions that have strongly come out to protect and enhance the Native cultures such as the introduction of culturally based education that involve introduction and re-establishment of native language as well as culture. Introduction of cultural based education has been very vital in pres4rvation of the native culture and most tribes with almost over 500 distinct cultures have strived to survive by trying to regain practices that defined them as people. Preservation of the native culture Preservation of the native culture has involved tireless practices such as creation of dictionaries for many tribes, connecting present and the past as well as introduction of tribal colleges and public schools that restore the rich knowledge of different native cultures. Outstanding teaching force has been introduced to the Native Americans and the students have been culturally empowered by making their schools more culturally relevant for them. However, it is still very clear that the Indian continuity and survival is not part of the cultural preservation and continuation (Shaull & Gramann 1998, 49-55). Modern society has greatly influenced the current youth thus leaving them in dilemma. The current young people are not sure of what is best for them because they cannot choose between their native cultures and the current cultures. For instance, in the modern society, a young man may put emphasis on exercising of individual freedom and rights even if it is against the people’s will unlike in the native culture where an individual would look to the extended family and elders for guidance and direction. The group decisions are more important and an individual is required to avoid conflict and be very loyal to the group unlike in the contemporary society where an individual’s independence is more important than the group (Shaull &

Women Egypt Arab

Women Egypt Arab The first thing that comes in mind when we mention â€Å"Arab women† is housekeeping and domestic chores. For some time this concept was true. But nowadays, Arab women have proved themselves in many aspects of the society. Still, there are some that believe that a womans place is at home, but for the most part the society have gotten used to seeing women at work. This is not to put down from the value of house wives, they do as much work and are as appreciated as any other woman who holds a high rank in society. In this section of the article we will dedicate it for Egyptian women. History of Womens Liberation Women in Egypt have been battling for their legal right, access to education, and economical rights for centuries. Because Egypt was under the British rule at one point, its women have been exposed to the western ideas, especially those of the upper class. The fight was not only important to those westernized women that have discarded the veil publicly, but also by those who chose to keep the veil but wanted their legal rights. Among those women are Huda Sharawi and Zainab al-Ghazaly. These two women were the first women that adopted the war for womens rights in Egypt. Although there have been associations made by women to discuss and find solutions for womens legal rights in Egypt, Huda Sharawi is still considered the mother feminization in Egypt. She is the founder of the Egyptian Feminist Union in 1923. She campaigned for womens voting rights, equal access to education and change in the Egyptian marriage laws, especially that her own experience with marriage was not a successful o ne. In 1923, Sharawi attended an international womens conference in Rome. After her return she stopped wearing her face veil. Her argument was that the veil is a symbol of womens lower status in Egyptian society. The veil was greatly criticized by western feminists in the conference. But she continued to wear a scarf covering her hair which agrees with Islamic traditions and customs. Zainab al-Ghazali, a disciple of Sharawi, took a different approach. She was the founder of the Muslim Womens Association in 1936. The associations goal was to educate Muslim women to take pride and understand their traditions better. Status of Egyptian Woman Today Egyptian woman today is definitely different from the past. Nowadays women hold critical positions in the society. Where before women were more or less confined to their homes and bearing and raising children, today women are in political, medical, and high social ranks. Women in Egypt are even involved in the military. But women are found also in very odd position. Theres the female truck driver, bus driver, and even taxi drivers. Women are not only allowed to vote, theyre also allowed to run for political positions. They can demand their rights to divorce their husbands if theyre treated badly. They are also responsible for raising their children in the best manner and in accordance to the culture and traditions. So, it is obvious that the status of women have greatly evolved into one that is almost equal to man. Although in some areas, such as Upper Egypt, women are still being oppressed and cannot fully implement their full rights; this problem is on its way to being resolved. Working Women The Egyptian woman is now involved in many fields of the society. Women are great doctors and scientists, politics and great thinkers. It was the first lady Jihan el-Sadat who entered the political field and fought for womens rights to run for political positions. She succeeded to dedicate 30 seats for women in the Peoples counsel. Unfortunately, this legislation was canceled after the death of president el-Sadat. Nowadays, first Lady Suzan Mubarak is a symbol of a great woman involved in politics. Her efforts and the efforts of other women in the Egyptian National Counsel for Women that women are now being involved the upcoming plan national development. There are many known names in political society that are women. Although women have gained status in the political field, but still some in some areas theyre being fought against. As an example, theres a controversy these days about women holding positions as judges. 75% of males working in the judging field, courts in general, refuse to have a woman that has an authority over them at their work. In a survey that questioned 100 member of the field, 51% of the judges refused to have a woman judge among them and 49% accepted but only on the condition that the woman is to do advising work only, not as a judge. What are strange are the excuses these men used to their refusal. One of the judges said that it is not appropriate (forbidden by religion) that he sits alone with a lady judge in the discussion room, especially if the lady is attractive. Another was questioning what should be done in case the woman judge asked for a maternity leave of any other vacation that she legally deserves (as a woman). And from the 75% that refused a woman to be the bo ss of them is the secretariat of the court of Sohag. He said that he would rather work as a microbus driver than work under the rule of a woman. These views still show that most men in the society do not believe a woman can do their job, and even better. This also shows that the society (male society) views women as housekeepers and that their place should be at home. Even after the fact that one woman (Advisor Tahany el-Gabaly) was appointed as a judge in the High Court in 2002. After that no other woman was appointed such a position in almost four years. Commenting on that is one Judge that said that the government was right when they appointed a female judge, and that she was placed in the right place away from being in direct contact with the common citizens, because we are a conservative society. Education for Women It is clear that the percentage of women that are being educated has increased. Yet the overall literacy rate in Egypt is about 50%, it is not surprising to find that most of these educated are men. Girls are allowed to study up until they reach an age where they can get married. But this phenomenon is mostly practiced in the villages of Upper Egypt and poor areas of large cities. Most fathers now are eager to let their girls learn up until they finish higher education. Girls that leave school at an early age are either to work to help with the family income or because their fathers still think with the old ideology that a womans place is at home. Women at Home It is very clear from the previous sections in this article that most Arab men prefer their wives to stay at home and look after the kids. Only a few are happy with their wives working. And usually these wives are torn apart between their jobs and their house work. It is very difficult and frustrating for women to be working, especially in a male dominated society like ours. Beside her day job, she is obligated to clean the house, study for the kids, prepare dinner before her husband returns from his work, and does the entire house work. It is very rare to find a man who helps his wife with the house work or even helping with the kids. It is also very rare to find a man who is willing to leave his job to stay at home with the kids instead of his wife, even if the wifes job pays more than his. These rare husbands are very common in western societies, not in our eastern ones. Conclusion Women are no doubt a very important pillar in the community. Without women there would be no life. Theyre the symbol of delicacy, love, and utmost compassion. God Almighty has put in them very delicate feelings to care for other. He also put in them the strength to take on any difficulties that may face their families. Woman is a word that includes mother, sister, lover and wife, partner for good and for worse, a shoulder to cry on and hand that would stretch out to help. She could be the weakest creature when shes in love and the strongest one when someone threatens her or her family. So please remember that God created Eve to be a helper for Adam, and not his servant. Women in Kuwait Women and politics Kuwait is a small and oil-rich state where women are said to be among the most emancipated in the Gulf region, which is incredibly conservative. Women in Kuwait can travel, drive, and work without their fathers or husbands consent and they even hold some senior government positions. But women in Kuwait have not yet gained the one right that most of them desire: the right to vote. Although the ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Jaber al-Sabah, issued a royal decree in June of 1999 that stated women should be allowed to vote and run for office in the next election, a measure to put his will into law was defeated, 32 to 30, by legislators in November of 2000. When compared to a place such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwaiti women have it good. In Saudi Arabia, no one has the right to vote and women still dont have the right to drive a car (Muslim Womens League). But this does not appease the Kuwaiti women. For the very first time in Kuwaits history, women of all ages and backgrounds turned out in force during the 29th June landmark parliamentary elections to exercise their newfound right of suffrage. Women finally got to fully participate in the decision making process and have their voices heard in the corridors of political power. Since parliaments decision on 16th May 2005 to amend the electoral law, Kuwaiti women have quickly risen to become a major sought-after constituency. With their participation in the elections, Kuwait has witnessed a true democratic celebration. Thousands of women have embraced the elections with a first timers zeal. Although no female candidate won a seat in the parliament, ballot counts have shown the participation of Kuwaiti women in the elections for the first time to reflect major progress.   Even though only 35% of eligible females voted, the level of their participation was higher than womens participation in many other countries including western ones, the first time they exercise suffrage. In Arab countries, men have traditionally been the providers, women the homemakers. This concept is slowly changing, however, as the attitudes of the outside world permeate Arab society. This process is hastened by the influx of foreign women to Kuwait. For some time, Arab women have worked in teaching and nursing, but theyre increasingly also found in other fields, especially banking, finance and the service sector. The majority of expatriate female workers are employed in the service sector as doctors, lawyers, hotel administrators, in advertising, public relations, nursing, education and as stewardesses for the many national airlines. Women and work More local women are entering the work force in Kuwait and some employers view them as harder-working and more reliable than the average local male worker (and invariably cheaper to employ). Women rising to positions of power and influence tend to come from middle and upper echelon families. Indeed, for a woman to rise to a position of influence at work she needs the support of her family, especially the male members. Most expatriate workers whether western or eastern are male. Their wives often have a restriction in their passport which prohibits them from working. Should the wives wish to work, they must obtain their own sponsorship and work visa, but employers tend to be biased against giving work visas to women. Women are often offered work (illegally) and, while this isnt a major crime, it can result in the company being fined and the woman losing her job. Women are generally safe in the workplace, with little sexual harassment because of the severe punishments for this. The influx of female ‘tourists (i.e. prostitutes) from eastern Europe in recent times, however, has reduced the level of respect that foreign females hitherto enjoyed. Women should also be careful not to be too friendly towards Arab men in the workplace, because this can be misunderstood as flirtatiousness. In fact, the legal liabilities and social discrimination to which women in Kuwait are subject reach beyond political rights. According to Freedom in the World 2003, Freedom Houses annual worldwide survey of political rights and civil liberties, Kuwaiti women are legally disadvantaged in matters of marriage, divorce, and inheritance, must have the permission of a male relative to obtain a passport; and cannot confer citizenship on their children. In addition, and though the proportion is growing, women remain under-represented in the labor force. But there are other reasons, rooted in Kuwaiti culture and history, to believe that suffrage is within view for Kuwaiti women and that the freedom they now enjoy will lead to further gains in the acquisition of civil rights. For starters, although excluded from political life, Kuwaiti women enjoy a relatively high degree of participation in professional life. They hold prominent positions in journalism, at the universities, in private business, in medicine, and in government ministries. They serve on the board of the Kuwait Petroleum Company. They constitute a little more than a third of the Kuwaiti labor force, and their numbers are likely to grow. This is because women are flourishing in academic life in Kuwait. They constitute over 70 percent of the students at Kuwait University, and about half of those studying engineering and medicine. This is a result of two factors. The first, stressed by Kuwait social scientist Haya al-Mughni in Women in Kuwait, the leading book on the subject, is that in the late 1960s the government adopted the policy that women should be integrated into the work force. To this end, women were provided with educational opportunities. In particular, the government made education compulsory for all Kuwaiti children up to the age of 14, and women were admitted to the University of Kuwait. These associations have been the chief vehicle through which Kuwaiti women activists, almost from the moment the countrys constitution was ratified in 1962, have sought their political rights. Prominent among these associations has been the Womens Cultural and Social Society, founded in 1963. The WCSS believes that the struggle for womens suffrage in Kuwait stands on firm constitutional ground: The Kuwaiti constitutions preamble proclaims devotion to democratic rule, and article seven declares that Justice, Liberty and Equality are the pillars of Society. Through conferences, consciousness-raising, and lobbying members of the national assembly and the government, the Society has sought to overturn the election law passed in 1963, which provides the legal basis for excluding women from politics by providing rules and regulations covering only Kuwaiti men. Last year, a lawsuit, which the WCSS supported, challenging the constitutionality of the election law, was dismissed on procedural grounds. According to Rasha Al-Sabah, a member of the ruling family, under minister of higher education, and the highest-ranking woman in the Kuwait government, Kuwaits distinctive culture and history accounts for its openness to freedom. Located at the crossroads between the Arabian Desert and the Arabian Gulf, and blessed with a capacious natural port at the Gulfs northern reaches, Kuwait originated as a trading center and served as a home to a seafaring and shipbuilding population. Kuwaits commercial character also shaped its political development. As an important trading port since the eighteenth century, Kuwait has been in constant contact with the outside world, particularly East Africa and India, and its diversity of beliefs and practices. And while the men were often at sea pearl-diving or trading for weeks or months at a time, women ran households and developed the ability to fend for themselves. And where does the royal family stand on the question of womens suffrage? Here too informed Kuwaitis differ. In 1999, under some pressure as a result of promises he had made to enlarge freedom in Kuwait after the 1990 Iraqi invasion, the emir finally issued an emergency decree, while parliament was dissolved, granting women the right to vote. However, such decrees eventually must be approved by a majority vote when the national assembly reconvenes; when it did, it rejected the measure by a vote of 32 to 30. Some Kuwaiti liberals, such as Mohammed Al-Jassem, contend that this legislative defeat represented a kind of victory for the democratic process, for what the parliament was telling the emir, in Al-Jassems view, was that laws of such import should arise not by emergency decree but from the legislature. Others, such as Fatima Hussain, argue that the defeat of the measure merely reflected a lamentable lack of political will on the part of the government. Only one political group in Kuwait strongly opposes giving women the right to vote and that is the influential minority whose ultimate aim is to make Muslim law not just one source of Kuwaiti law, as the constitution declares, but the sole source of Kuwaiti law. I mentioned the Islamist view — that Islam itself prohibits the participation of women in politics — to the students at GUST, and wondered how such a religion could ever be reconciled with democracy. Shaikha Al-Ali, seven months pregnant and among those who had expressed little concern about lacking the vote, replied with steel in her voice and fire in her eyes that there was no problem because there was no contradiction between womens political participation and her interpretation of Islam. Nobody can say just when women in Kuwait will acquire the right to vote, but where the press is robust and free, where women avidly form voluntary organizations to help others and to advance their own interests, and where the willingness to live between cultures and to submit religious questions to the authority of ones personal judgment becomes second nature, respect for the just claims of equality cant be far behind. Women in Saudi Arabia Introduction Saudi women become the principle problem of Saudi society. Women in Saudi society are different from women in any other Muslim societies where women have political and social rights. Islam set up rules to regulates the relationships between male and female. Some countries as, Saudi Arabia, is considered male societies and have no value for women. In Saudi Arabia, males are considered the backbone of the societies and women do not share in any decisions about their lives. In this society women are forbidden their simplest rights as, discrimination against women is performed and the laws or other measures counteract discrimination are absence. The most important problems are education, working and marriage. Background Saudi-Arabia is considered one of the countries that emphasize religious aspects without its spirit. Women cannot have higher levels of education. If they want to work, they cannot work in high position. They have limited places for work. They cannot share in any important discussion and cannot hold any political positions. Women cannot depend on themselves. They only listen to their familys orders without refusing. In Saudi Arabia, women cannot choose her husband who will share her life forever. Authorities put wrong instructions for womens lives. They hide under Islams slogan, although Islam clarified womens rights in the society as, society is consider a combination between men and women and cannot be formed without one of the both. Education In the past Islam defined the family as a social arrangement regulating the bond among men and women. At the beginning, Saudi Arabia used the right rules of Islam toward women as; women were able to receive education in 1962 and were progressing in various fields. They were at the beginning to take their life like other Countries. The coming of Muslim brothers to Saudi Arabia sixties and seventies, escaping the tyranny of Gamal Abdel Naser and in Eighties , escaping the massacre of Muslim Brothers in Syria and their accession to Saudi citizenship and work in education.(Al-nabulsi). They controlled the education system and prevented the communication among gender. The society depends on the male power and authorities. Muslim Brothers thought that women are created only to be homemakers and bring children. Women were forbidden from their simplest rights that Islam has given to them. There are many countries like Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia where women have social and political rig hts. These countries are like Saudi Arabia in their emphasizing on their Islam, but they applied the true rules of the society. From age to age traditional and customs moved from placed to another place and women prevented from their rights in the life. Women at work Before the spread of Islam, women were treated like animals. Islam raised the importance of women in the society and clarified all their rights to live a good life among male. During early Islam ages, women had the ability to be educated different types of educations and could work in the suitable places. The best example working women, the prophet wife who worked in the business. Saudi Arabia tried to follow the early Islamic ages, but authorities put wrong rules for womens lives. Women cannot complete their education to high levels as found in other countries. They must go to other countries to complete their educations. In their countries, they do not find available jobs for their educations because the society is male dominated which does not care about women. Women face a lot of obstacles at work due to the different traditions and customs in the society. They cannot reach to high political position. According to Samar Fatany, chief broadcaster for Radio Jeddahs English account for fifty-five percent of Saudi graduates but make up just under workforce. Marriage Other problems that face women are marriage. Most women do not have the ability to choose their husband they only listen to their family orders. In this society male does not know the real value of women. According to the family physician Maha Alatta, in the article Saudi women pioneers Divorce and polygamy are particular problems: These two problem are considered the most problems facing women in these societies Male has the ability to marriage four wives, Islam stipulated the polygamy as, a msn must treat all wives fairly and equally. According to the article Saudi women struggle to confront the religious guise of male power Mohammed Saqr clarified that women were better than they arrived of Muslim Brothers as, women could go shopping without covering their face. Muslim Brothers change the lives without using Islam rules as they said. Discussing the Situation There are a lot of conferences that were established to discuss womens problem in Saudi Arabia. According to the article Saudi Arabia: Gross human rights abuse against women. Which clarified the opinion of Prince Turki Bin Mohammed, when he was asked in the conferences of Amnestys campaign against human rights about the problem of women; he kept silent and said that suffering of women for no reasons other than their having been born female. In the same article, other examples of conferences that established for convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT). Saudi Arabia has ratified several international labor organization (ILO) conventions. One of the clear evidence about this problem what happened in Nejd, Asir and south region. As Amal al Ahmari said that female artists are forced to sign their work with pseudonym because Saudi society looks down on them. According to the least world view to Saudi women, ninety-five percent of women are consider homemakers and they preferred sons than daughters. There are a lot of example that prove that women have fought for political and civil equality, when Saudi women derived car during the gulf war, they were immediately arrested and those working were dismissed. Conclusion The more pressures put on government in Saudi Arabia, the more conflicts in the society. Due to all these restrictions on women freedom, they leave their country to other countries enjoying all their right in different aspects of the life. No one can deny that a lot of women struggle and lost their life to have their rights without any benefits. Problem of Saudi women remain a complex one where women become the social problem in the country. Women are forbidden their simplest rights. They cannot educate to higher levels or setup in high position or choose their husband. All these problems can be solved in many steps; first the government must put new rules for the society including all rights of women as find in the Quran. Second, women must have the ability to educate, working in political position and have the ability to choose their husband. All other Arabic countries must help them to solve this problem by send professions in these problems. Women in Syria Introduction The role of the Syrian women in their country is intensified nowadays in many aspects of life. This is recognized by many organizations in many Europe countries. The traditions of Syrian women is discussed by women called Asma Al Asaad. The very noble posture of the young, elegantly beautiful Syrian first lady, Asma al-Assad, at the breakfast meeting reminded me of Nizar Kabbanis words. Kabbani, studying at Damascus University, asks, Is it the Syrian woman who gives her beauty to Syria, or is it Syria that gives her an inner beauty, nobility and femininity? As Asma al-Assad was born and raised in London, she is often asked just how much she has integrated into Syrian culture. The first lady said while she was living in London she went to Syria every summer and never found Syria or its culture strange. She described herself as embodying British-We stern culture. She emphasized they have also started in Syria the kind of revolution developing countries are currently experiencing. She was mostly impressed by the fashion show she watched in Istanbul, and said that the striking synthesis of the traditional and modern in the fashion world could be applied to real life. She firmly believed the traditional and modern will unite. Turkey is a very good model for us, Mrs. Assad said, stressing that Turkey with its synthesis is a role model for the region. The greatest obstacles facing women living in freedom and independently are the customs and traditions, she stated in perfect English. Syria does not only lead Turkey by 10.4 percent in the numbe r of women present in Parliament, it also overwhelmingly leads Turkey in women involvement in local politics. However, the woman is identified with her family not as an individual. The concepts of family and honor are binding for women in Arab culture. Though Mrs. Assad said, We keep asking for more, and we want more progress, it is obvious that the women involved in social and political events are all from the upper class. No woman from the middle or lower class can easily break through the invisible barriers. It is known that there were no civil society organizations (CSOs) until three years ago in Syria, where there is tight state control. Mrs. Assad, who heads the first civil society organization that was established by the state, is also the head of the independent CSOs, most of them established under state control. The word feminism in questions asked on feminism, headscarf and honor killings made her laugh slightly. I think this reaction stemmed from the conceptual structure of feminism in the East. Mrs. Assad tried to explain that there is individualism and an individual behind feminism, but the fact that Syrian culture is based on the family embraces the cultural structure with a different understanding. I listened to her without forgetting the 100 cases of honor killings that appeared in newspapers in 2000-2003. As I was listening to the first lady, I thought about the very colorful and diverse ethnic structure of Syria, where 30 percent of the population are Nusayris. Her role in the Family The womans role as a mother, sister, wife and aunt is important, not her individual rights and demands. 396 of the 767 business women in Syria are entrepreneurs who have established their own business. The newly established SYEA is the first association founded by young entrepreneurs. When she said, Syrian women are eager and ambitious, she made a realistic point, in my opinion. Women are in secondary positions in the society, and the customs and traditions crush them under the mask of religion. Religion is a very private and individual matter, she insisted. What is essential is the Holy Quran, not practical religion, and we must look at this, Mrs. Assad said, adding that she also believed in the importance of reaching a consensus with religious scholars. Hence, they have launched an educational project to make religious scholars work for the betterment of women. This is very important, in my opinion, to get women involved through persuasion and education — not by excluding th em The 20th century was that of men, and the 21st century will be that of women, she said as she was shaking hands with the participants. I believe a womans hand should reach out to the Middle East.† Her role at Work Nowadays the role of the Arab Syrian women in agriculture is intensified is as Two IFAD evaluations published in 1999 provide an important perspective on the role of women in agriculture. In Syria, farming usually a household activity, except among the wealthier farm households. Information on labour in agriculture shows that the usual pattern is that women are completely responsible for caring for the livestock and poultry. Grazing is the exception: here men do an estimated 37% of the work. In crop production, women participate at all stages. Womens farm work in Syria usually involves the following activities: ââ€"  planting; ââ€"  seeding, thinning, weeding; ââ€"  harvesting; ââ€"  fruit collection; ââ€"  crop residual collection and pruning; ââ€"  animal feeding (which often requires frequent trips to the fields to collect fresh fodder); and ââ€"  milking and egg collection. However, Syrian women have little role in marketing. In 91 % of households, marketing is a male task. There are obvious implications for control of income generated from the sale of produce or livestock. Rural women in Syria also tend to have little decision-making power within the household on the disposal of family income. A sociological survey of married rural women found that two thirds of them spent an average of six hours working outside the home. The other third spent seven to ten hours. While much of this time is likely to be spent on the above agricultural tasks, some also goes to fuel and water collection, particularly where sources are far from the home. In addition, women spend a considerable amount of time on work within the home, such as baking bread, preparing meals and looking after children and the elderly. Like women everywhere, they try to combine household tasks and productive tasks. Womens labour input is disproportion^ to their control of agricultural resources. An FAO study in Syria found the following pattern of ownership among women: land: only 5% animals: about 7%-8%, but with variation according to the type of livestock and the area of the country (males own about 97% of sheep, 93% of cows, 96% of goats and even 98% of chickens); and Agricultural machinery: 1%. The agrarian reform of the late seventies redistributed land to all farmers, and Sharis law rec

African American & Societys Influence Essay -- essays research papers

I. Introduction We can begin to draw comparisons and highlight distinctions about the meaning attached to youth violence, from the modern era to present day. Based on this meaning, we are able to understand the myriad of ways delinquent juveniles are affected by certain policies. Specifically, African Americans are over-represented in the juvenile justice system of Cook County, Chicago. Thus, they are a vulnerable population that is singled out by the system, and this further exacerbates and stigmatizes them. II. Historical Background: Children As Villains In Modern America Until the late 19th century, children were tried in criminal courts with adults. According to common law, the law regarded children under the age of seven, as still in the infancy stage of moral development, while those over the age of fourteen, were morally developed and thus responsible for criminal offenses. An early response, to the reasoning of juvenile delinquency, was that the blame was directed at the child. Children faced harsh punishment, such as prison and death. Eventually, reform efforts were established to provide a more acceptable approach. The Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, viewed delinquents as needing a place to rehabilitate, and punishment was built in (Shepherd). As a penalty, the children worked an 8-hour day at trades and attended school for another 4 hours. Records reveal that many of them had not committed any criminal act, and a number of juvenile delinquents could be categorized as committing status offenders (Shepherd). Juveniles were susceptible to court hearings that were informal, and the ideology was based on the principle that judges will act as a parental guide, and provide an approach to guide children. In addition, another response to the growing concern of youth delinquency was with the establishment of the first juvenile court system created in Cook County, Chicago. This act was unique, since it attempted to reduce the stigma of juvenile crime and create a new approach for the process of offenders. They philosophized that children were not to be treated as criminals but in need of encouragement. III. Current View of Juvenile delinquency Over the decades, the perspective of juvenile delinquency has seemed to intensify, as it has been regarded as an epidemic. Youth violence has appeared to proliferate in some ar... ...are inadequately being taken care of. Consequently, there is the possibility that America’s poor children will grow up in a socially disorganized neighborhood, and ultimately they will be exposed to violence. As they grow up, they will attach meaning to the surroundings and people around them, and depending on the resource in their life they will eventually become molded. References Bennet, J. and Fraser, L. (2002) â€Å"Urban Violence among African American Males: Integrating Family, Neighborhood, and Peer Perspectives†. 1-2. Chicago Gangs. Retrieved December 13, 2004 from http://gangresearch.net Collins, J.W. and Hawkes, E.K. (1997) â€Å"Pathways to Juvenile Detention Reform: Reducing Racial Disparities in Juvenile Detention†. 21-24. Dumke, M. (2000, September. Race, Poverty, & defining failing schools. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 5, 2004, from http://www.chicagotribune.com. Sheney, R. (2004). Armed and Dangerous. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 12, 2004 from www.chicagotribune.com Shepherd, R. Jr. â€Å"The Juvenile Court at 100 Years Back: A Look Back†. Retrieved Decmber 13, 2004 from http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/jjjournal1299/2.html